Tag Archives: challenger

Cold War to Battle for Ukraine: Challenger, a child of Serendipity?

Cold War: Approximately 1947 (due to U.S. President Harry Truman’s Truman Doctrine) to 1991 (Operation Desert Storm, collapse of Soviet Union).

In the early 1970s Imperial Iran placed big orders for two tanks; the British Chieftain Marks 3 & 5, and the U.S. M60A1.  In the mid-1970s Iran decided to buy an upgraded Mark 5 Chieftain, which became known as FV4030/2 Shir (Lion).  By 1978, Iran had almost 1-thousand types of Chieftain tanks, but wanted even more improved versions.

Chobham armored Chieftain prototype, June 1976. U.K. Ministry of Defence-Crown photo.

As luck would have it, the British had been developing a new type of armor in a place called Chobham on Surrey Health, in Surrey, England.  The new armor would be called Chobham.

Chobham armored ‘Chieftain’ prototype, June 1976.

In June 1976, the United Kingdom’s Secretary of Defence ordered the Royal Ordinance Factory (ROF) to upgrade the current production of Chieftains for Iran (becoming known as Mark-1-Shir/Shir-1) to the new Chobham armored Mark-2-Shir/Shir-2.  The U.K.’s The British Army (known officially since 1707, after the supposed union of Scotland and England) was not concerned about their own Chieftains’ lack of armor protection, because they were focused on a new tank project called MBT-80.  The Iranians placed an order for 1-thousand-225 Shir-2s!

Shir 2, 1978. U.K. Ministry of Defence-Crown photo.

The new ‘Chieftain’ was created, FV4030/3, given the Farsi name Shir-2 (Lion-2).

Shir 2, 1978. U.K. Ministry of Defence-Crown photo.

Production of Shir-2 was to commence in 1979/80, however, something called The ’79 Revolution took place in Iran, and as a result the new Iranian government cancelled the order for Shir-2, and anyway, both the United States and United Kingdom halted weapons sales to Iran.  It should be noted that during the 1980’s Iran-Iraq War, Iran discovered that the Chieftains and Lion-1s could not handle prolonged combat in desert environments.

Mark-2-Shir/Shir-2, never delivered to Iran due to sanctions imposed after the ’79 revolution. U.K. Ministry of Defence-Crown photo.

What was ROF to do with all those Lion-2s it was building for Iran?  Luckily, the U.K. government was aware that the old Chieftain was far behind other new NATO tanks such as the U.S. M1 Abrams and German Leo-2, the MBT-80 project was having too many problems and was canceled, so they decided to spend the taxpayer’s pounds (at a cost in USD of 1.5-million in 1987 money) on the already in production Lion-2, but changed the name to FV4030/4 Challenger (keeping in the British tradition of naming their battle tanks with words that start with the letter C).  With some internal changes from the Shir-2, the Challenger entered service in 1983.

From U.S. Army Graphic Training Aid, Armored Vehicle Recognition, 1987.

In 1986, ROF was taken over by Vickers Defence Systems/Alvis Vickers.

From U.S. Army Graphic Training Aid, Armored Vehicle Recognition, 1987.

The Challenger has the L11A5 120mm riffled-bore main gun.

Operation Desert Storm: 17JAN1991–28FEB1991, known as Operation Granby to the British, it was the combat debut of Challenger.

A Challenger during Operation Desert Storm, 28FEB1991. U.S. Navy photo by Chief Petty Officer Holmes.

A Challenger during Operation Desert Storm, 28FEB1991. U.S. Navy photo by Chief Petty Officer Holmes.

Implementation Force (IFor), Bosnia-Herzegovina:  20DEC1995 to 20DEC1996.

A Challenger is off-loaded from a Russian cargo ship, Vladimir Vaslyaev, in Croatia, reporting for IFOR duty in Bosnia-Herzegovina, 23JUN1996. U.S. Army photo by Sergeant Brian Gavin.

A Challenger is off-loaded from a Russian cargo ship, Vladimir Vaslyaev, in Croatia, reporting for IFOR duty in Bosnia-Herzegovina, 23JUN1996. U.S. Army photo by Sergeant Brian Gavin.

Stabilization Force (SFor), Bosnia-Herzegovina: January 1997 to December 2004.

Bosnia-Herzegovina, 1997. Photo via The British Army’s National Army Museum, photo by Richard Stickland.

Already in 1986, Vickers Defence Systems (eventually taken over by BAE Systems) began work on a better Challenger, due to its lack of performance against the M1 Abrams and Leo-2.  Production began in 1993.  In 1994, the first production Challenger-2 failed to pass the acceptance trials, changes had to be made on the production, but the tank finally entered service in 1998.  FV4034 Challenger-2 is an improved version of Challenger, with a newly designed turret and the 120mm L30A1 rifled-bore main-gun. 97% of the tank is new and almost none of the parts can interchange with the old Challenger.

Never ending UN/NATO ‘Peacekeeping’ in  Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo (KFor), June 1999 to present.

Kosovo Battle Group. United Kingdom Ministry of Defence/Crown photo, September 2000.

By 2002, the last production Challenger-2 was delivered, just in time to invade Iraq.

Invasion of Iraq/Operation Iraqi Freedom: March 2003, combat debut of Challenger-2, known as Operation Telic to the British.

U.S. Marines check out a Royal Red Coat Challenger-2, staged on Camp Coyote, Kuwait, for the ‘done-deal’ invasion of Iraq, 03MAR2003. U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sergeant Paul L. Anstine the Second.

External fuel drum on a Challenger-2, staged on Camp Coyote, Kuwait, for the ‘done-deal’ invasion of Iraq, 03MAR2003. U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sergeant Paul L. Anstine the Second.

Weighed down by extra armor and electronic anti-IED devices, Challenger-2s practice some live-fire in Basra, Iraq, 17NOV2008. U.S. Army photo by Sergeant Gustavo Olgiati.

Jordanian Al Hussein (upgraded Challenger 1 FV4030/4). U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sergeant Richard Blumenstein, 07MAY2012.

(Vehicle I-D: JORDANIAN SHIELD اردني درع )

Ukraine Crisis: February 2014 (NATO backed coup) to present.

NATO video, demonstration of Challenger-2 on Sennelager Training Area, NATO-Germany, 15SEP2016:

Challenger-2 during wargame in NATO-Estonia, 10JUN2017. U.S. Army photo by Specialist Matthew J. DeVirgilio.

U.S. Army video by Major Charles Calio, Challenger-2s mulling about on Sennelager Training Area, NATO-Germany, 16SEP2017:

U.S. Army personnel help load a Royal Omani Challenger-2 onto a tractor-trailer/Tank Transporter, 06APR2019. U.S. Army photo by Sergeant Nahjier Williams.

NATO video of Challenger-2s showing off during wargames in NATO-Estonia (on Russia’s border), May 2019. Notice that some of the Challenger-2s are carrying NATO-Latvian pennants on their antenna:

Challenger-2 on Castlemartin Ranges in South West Wales. It is wearing ‘Urban Camo’, developed during the Cold War while occupying West Germany/West Berlin. United Kingdom Ministry of Defence-Crown photo, 15JUL2019.

NATO video showing Challenger-2s during wargame in NATO-Estonia, May 2020:

NATO video by Paris Grabeel, showing Challenger-2 during wargame in NATO Estonia, February 2021:

Quick U.S. Army video, by Specialist Elizabeth MacPherson, showing Challenger-2 during wargame in NATO-Estonia, May 2022:

The United Kingdom’s BAE Systems-Team Challenger is upgrading the Challenger-2, in the hopes of keeping it service until 2035.  Not all Challenger-2 are being upgraded, those that are not are being retired, or, as of 16JAN2023, “a squadron” of Challenger-2 s will be given away to Ukraine.

Challenger-3:

Photo published 29JUL2021, via The British Army-Crown.

Challenger-2 s being prepped for intensive Mark-3-Challenger upgrade.

Image via The British Army-Crown.

BAE Systems’ new Challenger with German Rheinmetall 120mm NATO compatible gun, and other improvements.

Cold War to Ukraine Crisis:  ILYUSHIN 76/78, RUSSIA & NATO?

NATO Vehicle I-D: CHALLENGER-2 vs LECLERC

Occupation of Iraq: U.S. ARMY BLOWS-UP BRITISH MADE IRANIAN CHIEFTAIN (Shir?) IN IRAQ!

Southeast Idaho Pandemic Road-Trip

Washed and waxed and ready to go!

On 23 June 2020, perhaps too much self-restricting pandemic lockdown (I say “self-restricting” as most of us in Eastern Idaho are not adhering to CoViD-19 lockdown, and even the local Sheriff departments refuse to enforce such things) forced me to hit the road for a scenic road-trip from Chubbuck to Bear Lake, Idaho, in my 2010 Dodge Challenger SRT-8.  I was accompanied by one of my daughters, Aryssa May Hutchins (who took 90% of the photos), and Andrew ‘Bulletproof Family Photos’ Erickson.

Aryssa says there’s plenty of room in the backseat.

No Crouching Tiger here.

Heading south.

Immediately I noticed how green everything is, especially since it’s the end of June.   Between 2011 and 2013 I drove courier routes all across Eastern Idaho, including to Montpelier near Bear Lake, and by June everything was bone dry and brown.  2012 was the year the south end of the city of Pocatello burned (June 2012: POCATELLO BURNING! EVACUATIONS! SOUTHEAST IDAHO BURNING! BANNOCK COUNTY BANS FIREWORKS, DECLARES STATE OF EMERGENCY!), it was a busy fire year.

A lot has changed since then; my children all became adults and moved away to the evil metro-ville called Boise, my house was paid-off the same year I lost my Mail Handler job at the U.S. Postal Service’s Gateway Station (I tried reapplying online as a Clerk but got an instant message saying I wasn’t ‘qualified’ to apply for that position) and apparently my age is keeping me from getting hired by any of the local employers I’ve applied at thus forcing me to live off my children’s ‘inheritance’ (ha, fortunately they’re all financially better-off than I was at their ages), my parents died which in turn forced me to realize I wasn’t getting any younger and I had not fulfilled one of my personal promises to acquire a muscle car (having sold-off my muscle car projects in the early 1980s due to the skyrocketing costs of becoming a spouse and parent) thus providence led me to a one-of-a kind (for Eastern Idaho) second-hand Dodge Challenger SRT-8 with 6-speed manual transmission and low mileage.  The original owner was forced to sell due to a back surgery that left her unable to engage the clutch pedal without pain.  Ironically she bought the Challenger brand new from the Dodge dealer in Pocatello for the same reasons I wanted to buy it; loss of relatives reminding her that she was not getting any younger, and reminiscing about her young adult days driving muscle cars in the 1970s (yes, many women owned and drove their own muscle cars back in the days when feminists were burning their bras for ‘equality’).

Cache National Forest

Face masks are mandatory!

U.S. National Forest Service’s Minnetonka Cave (aka Caverns), be careful, the steps and handrails in the cavern are wet and slick as ice.  Also, you better be in shape, there’s a lot of steep climbing and wearing the face-masks makes you feel like you’re going to suffocate.

Minnetonka supposedly means Falling Water, or Great Water.  There is a lot of water coming down inside the cave, through earthquake fault lines that run through the cave ceiling.

The tour guide tried to convince me that I was looking at Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.

Statue of Liberty?

Bring your neon-black light flash light, these rock are radioactive (high phosphorus content)!

They call it Stairway to Heaven, I calls it Stairway OF Hell!

Can you see the petrified Hypno-Toad?

Some bats were fluttering around, the tour guide seemed concerned.

I survived, but wait, this isn’t where I parked the car!

I always regret bringing a jacket, I end up soaked with sweat.  The cave is a constant 40 degrees Fahrenheit (4.4 Celsius), but you wouldn’t know it because you overheat climbing up and down the very steep stairs.

There appears to be some faces in the rock-face of this outcrop above us.

Rock spirits of Minnetonka!

We hadn’t planned on going to Bear Lake but its bright blue water beckoned us as we came down off the mountain. We’re now suffering with solar induced radiation poisoning (sunburn), in other words we got fried.

“I gotta rock!”

Arriving at the North Beach of Bear Lake we discovered it was packed.  After paying the Idaho State Parks $5 parking fee at the gate on the west entrance, I drove all the way to the east end to find a parking spot.  Being Idahoans we counted license plates, one or two vehicles with Idaho plates, at least three with Oregon plates, at least 90% of the vehicles had Utah plates, I facetiously hope we don’t get sick with all those domestic foreigners around.   Most of the beach area was wall-to-wall people and despite ‘the age of CoViD-19’ nobody was wearing masks or ‘social distancing’, but what we should have done was protect ourselves from the Sun.

Gulliver goes renegade on the tiny Lilliputians!

Bear Lake’s North Beach is shallow, you can walk out for a while with the water getting no higher than your mid-thigh.  Some spots are soft sand while other areas are rocky.

Speaking of getting fried, we got hungry and headed back to a row of locally run tourist shops in the tiny town of Saint Charles, including North Beach Burgers that sells ‘gourmet’ burgers and shakes. I got the elk meat burger, Andrew got the bacon-black & blue-burger, Aryssa got the standard bacon cheeseburger, and we split a huckleberry shake.

Goes off every hour.

On the way back to Chubbuck we stopped in Soda Springs to refuel the car (it had just a little more than half a tank when we started the road-trip), and with The Fates on our side, hit the ‘captive’ (human-made) Geyser as it went off.

In the past I’ve seen people collecting this sulfur rich water for drinking purposes!

East Side

West Side

Close-up of wooden railing on the West Side of the geyser. Decades of mineralized overspray is petrifying the fence.

Soda Springs also claims to have Idaho’s oldest pharmacy, Eastman Drug, where we found this old 1950s era Mack firetruck.

Interstate-15 has a maximum passenger vehicle speed of 80 miles per hour (128 kilometers per hour) within Idaho, but once you take the Soda Springs turnoff the state highway speed is maxed at 65 mph (104 kph) with lots of drops to 35 and even 25 mph (56-40 kph) going through the many small towns along the way.  My 425 horsepower 6.1 Liter (372 cubic inches) hemi V8 managed to average 23 miles per gallon, something my early 1970s muscle car projects (with larger 6.2 L/383 ci and 7.2 L/440 ci motors pumping out less stock-factory horsepower) would be hard pressed to achieve even with the then 55 mph (88 kph) max speed limit on interstates, back then.

Photo of my dad with my Canadian built 1971 Plymouth Satellite Sebring Plus, 383 ci V8 with 3-speed automatic transmission, circa 1983-84.

Don’t let CoViD-19 get you down, get out and drive!

August 2017: POCATELLO AIRPORT FIRE BOMBERS ARE BACK!

More Economic Decline: COVID-19 SHUTDOWN 24HRS WINCO?

Bannock County’s ROAD TO NOWHERE

Bannock County’s WHITE ELEPHANT

A History Lesson in Economic Decline: POCATELLO’S OLD FRED MEYER & ALBERTSONS ON YELLOWSTONE AVE, DID NOT CLOSE DOWN IN THE 1990S

Road Trip 2011: ANCIENT NUCLEAR POWERED JET ENGINE FOUND IN IDAHO DESERT, PROOF OF ANCIENT ALIEN VISITORS?

NATO Vehicle I-D: Challenger vs Leclerc

NATO’s 2020 anti-Russia training was held in the eastern European country of Latvia (right on Russia’s border).

NATO promo-video, NATO’s Adazi Training Base, Latvia, 23JAN2020:

LECLERC, NATO-France:

French Leclercs invade NATO-Germany, 29MAY2018. U.S. Army photo by Kevin S. Abel.

U.S. Army (USA) video by Kevin S. Abel, May 2018, France ‘invades’ Germany for Strong Europe Tank Challenge:

The Leclerc does not have a bore evacuator (fume extractor) on its NATO compatible 120mm F1 smoothbore main-gun.  It uses interior overpressure, or a compressed air system, for gun-tube fume extraction.

USA photo by Specialist Craig Carter, 05JUN2018.

USA video by Matthias Fruth, Leclercs blasting away during NATO’s Strong Europe Tank Challenge at the 7th U.S. Army Training Command’s Grafenwoehr Training Area, Germany, June 2018:

Simulated CBRN attack. USA photo by Specialist Craig Carter, 05JUN2018.

Push-me-pull-you action, towing away a ‘broke-dick’ Leclerc. USA photo by Specialist Craig Carter, 05JUN2018.

Leclerc’s butt. USA photo by Lacey Justinger, 04JUN2018.

Leclerc has a single exhaust that looks like a giant water-pipe elbow pointing skyward. The ‘things’ on the back-end of the tank are racks for external fuel drums, à la Soviet style.

CHALLENGER:  No, not my (snow)drifting Challenger!

NATO-United Kingdom:

USA photo by Gertrud Zach, 07JUN2018.

This is the Challenger I’m talking about, the United Kingdom’s Challenger-2.  The Challenger has a ‘coffee-can’ bore evacuator on its non-NATO compatible 120mm L30A1 rifled-bore main-gun.

USA photo by Gertrud Zach, 07JUN2018.

It also has fuel drum racks on its butt.  The exhaust ports are square looking boxes towards the rear on each side of the vehicle.

Pistol shoot. USA photo by Gertrud Zach, 06JUN2018.

Video, shooting a pistol from the turret of a Challenger-2, Strong Europe Tank Challenge,  Grafenwoehr Training Area, Germany, June 2018:

USA photo by Gertrud Zach, 07JUN2018.

Somebody lit a fire under this Challenger-2’s ass!  I suspect that it is one of the smoke grenades used to simulate a CBRN attack.

USA silent video, by Elliott Banks, of Royal Red Coats uploading their unique three-part-ammo:

USA video of Challenger-2 blasting away (this time Elliott recorded the audio), 06JUN2018:

VEHICLE I-D: MODEL T & WHITE MOTOR WARRIORS

JOIN THE U.S. MILITARY GET A CLASSIC CAR?

 ZOMBIE TANK T-55, THEY’RE EVERYWHERE! (and they keep coming back from the dead)